Studi Model Hubungan Volume–kecepatan–kepadatan Pada Jalan Perkotaan Tipe 2 Lajur Dan 4 Lajur Tak Terbagi (2ud Dan 4ud)

Pada beberapa lokasi prasarana jalan tipe 2 arah tak terbagi baik untuk tipe 2 lajur (2/2UD) maupun tipe 4 lajur (4/2UD) pada kota-kota besar di Indonesia, permasalahan kemacetan dan tundaan arus lalulintas sudah sering terjadi. Untuk mencari solusi manajemen lalulintas pada penanganan prasarana jalan tersebut, maka terlebih dahulu diperlukan studi mengenai karakteristik arus lalulintas secara umum dan model hubungan antar karakteristik arus lalulintas tersebut secara khusus. Dalam konteks tersebut, studi ini bertujuan menganalisis model hubungan antar karakteristik volume (V), kecepatan (S) dan kepadatan (D) arus lalulintas, untuk selanjutnya mengevaluasi model hubungan V-S-D yang sesuai dengan kondisi arus lalulintas yang ada.Survai data pada ruas jalan tipe 2/2 UD dilakukan pada 3 ruas jalan, yaitu Jl. Abd. Dg. Sirua, Jl. Yos Sudarso, dan Jl. Lanto Dg. Pasewang di Kota Makasaar. Untuk jalan tipe 4/2UD survai dibatasi pada ruas Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan dan Jl. St. Alauddin. Pengambilan data studi meliputi data volume lalulintas, kecepatan lalulintas, kondisi geometrik jalan, dan data faktor-faktor penyesuaian kondisi jalan dan wilayah studi. Metode pengambilan data volume dan kecepatan lalulintas dilakukan dengan metode manual count, untuk data geometrik jalan dan beberapa data faktor penyesuaian jalan, dilakukan dengan observasi langsung pada ruas jalan tersebut di atas. Sedangkan data faktor penyesuaian lainnya, diperoleh dengan cara survai sekunder pada instansi terkait. Pengambilan data dilakukan selama 1 minggu, yaitu Senin, Selasa, Rabu, Kamis, Jumat, dan Sabtu, dengan periode waktu survai dilakukan pada periode jam puncak, yaitu pukul 07.00‑09.00, 12.00-14.00, dan 16.00-18.00 WITA. Analisis data karakteristik lalulintas didasarkan pada metode Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (MKJI) 1997. Sedangkan studi model matematis yang dilakukan meliputi analisis model Greenshield, model Greenberg, dan model Underwood. Untuk evaluasi model yang sesuai, dilakukan analisis nilai koefisien korelasi (r) dari setiap model yang ada.Dari hasil analisis dan evaluasi model terlihat bahwa untuk ruas jalan tipe 2/2UD, model hubungan V-S-D yang sesuai untuk Jl. Abd. Dg. Sirua adalah model Greenberg, untuk Jl. Yos Sudarso mengikuti model Greenshield, sedangkan untuk ruas Jl. Lanto Dg. Pasewang lebih mengikuti model Underwood. Adapun untuk ruas jalan tipe 4/2UD, model hubungan V-S-D yang sesuai untuk ruas Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan adalah mengikuti model Greenberg, sedangkan untuk ruas Jl. Sultan Alauddin, mengikuti model Greenshield.Kata

Analisis Lalu Lintas Pada Jl. Abd. Dg. Sirua Akibat Pembangunan Jalan Alternatif Di Kota Makassar

Kota Makassar, sebagai pintu gerbang kawasan Indonesia Timur, perlu menyediakan segala sarana dan prasarana kota, termasuk jalan akses menuju ke pusat kota. Salah satu jalan alternatif yang akan dibangun di Makassar adalah Jl. Abd. Dg. Sirua, yang dapat menghubungkan pusat kota dengan daerah di bagian selatan. Dalam membangun jalan alternatif tersebut perlu diindentifikasi pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja sistem lalu lintas. Studi ini bertujuan memprakirakan dampak pembangunanan jalan alternatif terhadap kinerja sistem lalu lintas. Pengambilan data meliputi data primer, yang diperoleh melalui survey lapangan, dan data sekunder, yang diperoleh melalui survey institusional. Analisis dilakukan dengan membandingkan karakteristik lalu lintas sebelum dan sesuadah jalan alternatid beroperasi. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa terjadi Perubahan karakteristik lalu lintas setelah jalan alternatif beroperasi., yaitu derajat kejenuhan berubah dari 0,67 menjadi 0,33, tingkat pelayanan dari C menjadi A, dan kecepatan lalu lintas dari 29 km/jam menjadi 48 km/jam. Kata

Sterilization Study: Vasectomy and Tubectomy

Birth planning for a couple from the first and subsequent births can be arranged so that the welfare of the community increases and other undesirable things can be anticipated from afar. The methods include using contraception or prevention of pregnancy and family planning. Sterilization is to spay a man or woman by operating (in general) so as not to produce offspring. Sterilization for men (vasectomy) and women (tubectomy). Procedurally, vasectomy in men is relatively simpler than tubectomy while the procedure for tubectomy is a bit complicated and complex

Kesan penambahan limonena terhadap mikroemulsi asid oleik/Cremophor rh 40/Transcutol/Air

Gambar rajah fasa pseudo-ternari sistem mikroemulsi asid oleik/Cremophor rh 40/Transcutol/Air diperoleh melalui pentitratan air pada nisbah surfaktan:kosurfaktan (Km) yang berbeza. Nisbah optimum bagi surfaktan/kosurfaktan adalah Km=2:1. Kesan penambahan limonena sebagai fasa minyak campuran terhadap sistem mikroemulsi diuji pada nisbah limonena:asid oleik (1:1, 2:1 dan 3:1). Penambahan limonena berupaya menghasilkan rantau mikroemulsi yang lebih besar sehingga 70%-80 % bt. air bagi kesemua nisbah limonena:asid oleik. Nisbah limonena:asid oleik (1:1) memberikan rantau mikroemulsi yang paling luas pada nisbah minyak:surfaktan/kosurfaktan (Minyak:S/KoS=1:9). Sifat isotropik mikroemulsi ditentukan dengan menggunakan mikroskopi cahaya polarasi. Mikroemulsi dibangunkan pada nisbah Km=2:1 dan Minyak:S/KoS (1:9) serta limonena:asid oleik (1:1). Kestabilan dan saiz partikel bagi sistem dikaji dan penambahan limonena didapati tidak merubah sifat serta mikro-struktur sistem mikroemulsi. Kajian konduktiviti elektrik dan kelikatan sistem menunjukkan pembentukan mikroemulsi jenis air-dalam-minyak (10% dan 20 % bt. air) dan dwiselanjar (30%-50 % bt. air). Kesemua sistem mempunyai potensi sebagai sistem penghantar bahan aktif dan menunjukkan kestabilan yang baik pada suhu 4, 25 dan 37°C dalam tempoh lebih daripada 6 bulan

Karakteristik Korban Kecelakaan Lalulintas Di Kota Makassar

Traffic accident is a serious problem in the city of Makassar. This study tries to describe the characteristics of traffic accident in that city. Samples were collected and surveys were conducted using interview and questionnaire techniques. The results show that the traffic accident victims in Makassar are dominated by students, with the age ranging from 16 years to 21 years. The largest portion of the victims in this city used motor cycles when involved in traffic accidents

Desain Filter Aktif Dengan Skema Fuzzy Logic Controller Untuk Mereduksi Harmonisa

Harmonics are known as one of the causes of decline in the quality of the electrical power system, which can cause a negative impact on electronic equipment. Harmonics reduction that has been achieved with the passive filters is not quite satisfactory, thus development of active filters is required. This research proposes the use of parallel active filter design using a three-level inverter with the scheme of Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) that is used to reduce harmonics. The use of three stages Multilevel Inverter (MLI) on parallel active filter has several advantages that are lowering harmonic distortion and reducing stress switching. From the simulation results, it was obtained that three parallel active filters were capable of reducing the level of harmonic currents and voltages at the source; THDi before installation of the filter was equal to 26,16% and can be lowered to 2,42%. While THDv was reduced from 0,45% to 0,17%. Fifth-order harmonics is the most disturbing harmonic component, in which the value of IHDi beforeinstalling the filter is equal to 21,44% and reduce to 1,2% after the installation of the active filter

Normal soaking extraction (NSE) of rotenone from Derris elliptica

Derris elliptica or the tuba plant contains rotenone, bio-active compound known that has the potential to be used as bio-pesticide. Bio-pesticide is the best-known alternative bio-pesticide which has the potential to replace the use of conventional pesticides, as it is more environmentally friendly. The main objective of the paper is to obtain the best extraction solvent for optimizing the yield in rotenone extraction. Rotenone was extracted from Derris root using three different parts of roots and three types of solvent in Normal Soaking Extraction (NSE). The types of Derris roots are: (1) Fine root (2) Coarse root (3) Stem. The three types of solvent system are: (1) Acetone 95 % (v/v), (2) Chloroform 99.9 % (v/v) and (3) a mixture of ethanol: H2O (9:1) added with oxalic acid (1mg/ml). The liquid crude extracts were further cleaned up to remove the fine debris of roots. The presence of rotenone was confirmed using qualitative analysis Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and thereupon the determination of rotenone content was carried out using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). From the results obtained, it was found that the Normal Soaking Extraction (NSE) using acetone 95 % (v/v) was the best method to extract the highest yield of rotenone; 1.14 % (w/w)

Analisis Biaya Kecelakaan Lalulintas Di Kota Makassar

This study intended to investigate the traffic accident cost in the city of Makassar. Analysis performed in this study used two components of accident costs, namely resource and non-resource costs. The Resource costs include cost for repairing vehicles, hospital costs, and production loss. The non-resource costs include costs related to pain, grief and mourn, and other costs paid by family and friends. In this study, the Gross of Output Method was used for analysis. Data for traffic accident victim were collected from hospitals and accident cost data were obtained from the victims, using interview techniques and questionnaires. The results of this study show that the costs for every victim accident category in the city of Makassar are for victim die is equal to Rp. 114,516,00,-, Rp. 60,008,599,-, Rp. 1,525,990,-, and Rp. 517,500,- for fatality, serious injury, slight injury, and property damage only, respectively

The influence of surfactant/co-surfactant hydrophilic-lipophilic balance on the formation of limonene-based microemulsion as vitamin C carrier

This research was conducted to produce a limonene-based microemulsion system as vitamin C carrier. The microemulsion was produced using limonene as the oil phase, tween20 and tween80 as surfactants while propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 400 and glycerol as co-surfactants. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to determine the microemulsion area by using the water titration method at 25°C. The effect of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value of the mixture of S/CoS on the formation of limonene-based microemulsion was studied. The HLB value calculated for the mixture of tween20/propylene glycol in the different ratio was between 10.1 and 13.4. From the experiment, the preparation of limonene-based microemulsion system with tween20/propylene glycol was able to provide large and high stability of microemulsion region on ternary phase diagram (23.6%) while higher HLB value resulted in larger microemulsion area in ternary phase diagrams. The sole formulation with propylene glycol was further selected to carry out the physicochemical characterization of system’s stability, particle size and electrical conductivity. All microemulsion systems showed good stability for four weeks at temperature of 4, 25 and 40°C without any phase change and separation. Particle size characterization results elucidated that all microemulsion systems consisted particle size between 20 and 100 nm. The study of electrical conductivity showed that water-in-oil microemulsion was formed from 5-45% wt. of water whereas bicontinuous microemulsion was formed from 50-90% wt. of water content. Overall, the result showed that microemulsion tween20/propylene glycol/limonene/water was potential as a carrier system of vitamin C

Electromagnetic Field Interaction Between Overhead High Voltage Power Transmission Line and Buried Utility Pipeline.

yesThis work presents the development of a new approach of modelling the source excitation and the penetration of structures by continuous propagating electromagnetic (EM) plane waves. The technique incorporates the solution of time-dependent Maxwell¿s equations and the initial value problem as the structures are illuminated by the plane waves. The propagation of waves from source excitation is simulated by solving a finite-difference Maxwell's equation in the time domain. Subgridding method is used to condense the lattice at the point of interest locally for observing field distribution in high resolution. The computational burden due to huge number of time steps has been eased by employing quasi-static approach. An example of induced EM fields near an underground pipeline runs parallel to a 132 kV overhead power transmission line (OHTL) has been presented which paves the way in the development of new approach of EM fields interaction modelling.MSCR